{"id":78555,"date":"2021-05-26T08:00:50","date_gmt":"2021-05-26T15:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/?p=78555"},"modified":"2026-01-23T12:59:13","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T20:59:13","slug":"the-songs-of-liliuokalani-queen-of-hawaii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/the-songs-of-liliuokalani-queen-of-hawaii\/","title":{"rendered":"The Songs of Lili\u2018uokalani, Queen of Hawai\u2018i"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Lili\u2018uokalani&nbsp;(1838-1917)&nbsp;was&nbsp;the Queen&nbsp;Regnant&nbsp;of&nbsp;Hawai\u2018i from 1891-1893, and was the nation\u2019s last monarch.&nbsp;During her reign, she&nbsp;resisted the&nbsp;annexation of&nbsp;Hawai\u2018i&nbsp;by the United States, and after the coup that deposed her, she remained dedicated to the interests of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Hawaiian&nbsp;people.&nbsp;<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">A trained singer, choir director and organist,&nbsp;Lili\u2018uokalani&nbsp;composed&nbsp;more&nbsp;than 150&nbsp;<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">mele<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,&nbsp;Hawaiian songs and chants.&nbsp;Her&nbsp;l<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">egacy of&nbsp;music&nbsp;remains greatly loved: she is one of the most-performed composers among Hawaiian musicians.&nbsp;The Queen\u2019s songs&nbsp;transcend genre&nbsp;and are constantly reinterpreted, whether it be in popular&nbsp;or folk&nbsp;styles, as accompaniment to&nbsp;Hawaiian dance,&nbsp;in&nbsp;hymnlike choral arrangements,&nbsp;or as&nbsp;songs with piano.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:259}\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">&#8220;To compose was as natural as to breath&#8230;&#8221; <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"306\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Liliuokalani2.jpg\" alt=\"Lili'uokalani\" class=\"wp-image-78557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Liliuokalani2.jpg 306w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Liliuokalani2-191x300.jpg 191w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 306px) 100vw, 306px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Lili&#8217;uokalani in 1865<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<p>The Queen was born Lydia Kamaka\u2018eha on September 2, 1838. She would assume the name Lili\u2018uokalani when she was named heir-apparent to the Hawaiian throne. When she was a schoolgirl, her instructors discovered her remarkable talent for sight-singing. This skill, which depends on the ability to read and hear music accurately in one\u2019s mind, served her well throughout her life: when she became a political prisoner with no access to a piano, the Queen was still able to compose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In her autobiographical and political book, Hawaii\u2019s Story, Lili\u2018uokalani reflected, \u201cTo compose was as natural to me as to breathe; and this gift of nature, never having been suffered to fall into disuse, remains a source of the greatest consolation to this day&#8230;.Hours of which it is not yet in place to speak, which I might have found long and lonely, passed quickly and cheerfully by, occupied and soothed by the expression of my thoughts in music; and even when I was denied the aid of an instrument I could transcribe to paper the tones of my voice.\u201d (Hawaii\u2019s Story, 31).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Composing a National Anthem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"He Mele L\u0101hui Hawai&#039;i\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/m8Zqlda_RiY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p>Lili\u2018uokalani composed one of her first important early works in 1866. She tells the story herself in Hawaii\u2019s Story: \u201cIn the early years of the reign of Kamehameha V. he brought to my notice the fact that the Hawaiian people had no national air. Each nation, he said, but ours had its expression of patriotism and love of country in its own music; but we were using for that purpose on state occasions the time-honored British anthem, \u2018God save the Queen.\u2019 This he desired me to supplant by one of my own composition. In one week\u2019s time I notified the king that I had completed my task.\u201d (Hawaii\u2019s Story, 31)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lili\u2018uokalani, who was then serving as choir director at Kawaiahao Church in Honolulu, conducted her choir in the premiere of the new anthem, He Mele L\u0101hui Hawai`i (Song of the Hawaiian Nation). As is the case with most of her compositions, Lili\u2018uokalani wrote both the lyrics and the musical setting. The King \u201cadmired not only the beauty of the music, but spoke enthusiastically of the appropriate words, so well adapted to the air and to the purpose for which they were written.\u201d (Hawaii\u2019s Story, 31-32)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:39px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Queen&#8217;s Jubilee<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Queens Jubilee\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/t0GMkFDE3iU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>In 1887, Princess Lili\u2018uokalani attended the celebration of Queen Victoria\u2019s Golden Jubilee as a part of a royal delegation that included the Queen Consort Kapi\u02bbolani. Upon their arrival in England, the royal Hawaiian party were given an audience with Queen Victoria and were seated with international royalty at the Queen\u2019s Jubilee service at Westminster Abbey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In only a few years, Lili\u2018uokalani would be fighting for the acknowledgement of her position: in fact, before the delegation returned from the Queen\u2019s Jubilee, King David Kal\u0101kaua was forced to sign away most of his power at pressure from American plantation owners and annexation supporters, in what was called the Bayonet Constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lili\u2018uokalani composed a song in honor of Queen Victoria\u2019s royal anniversary, known as \u201cThe Queen\u2019s Jubilee.\u201d Its lyrics, saluting Victoria as a fellow monarch, ring poignantly in hindsight.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Kingdom Overthrown<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1891, Lili\u2018uokalani ascended the throne after the death of her brother, King Kal\u0101kaua. When she proposed to reverse the Bayonet Constitution, restoring power to the monarchy, a group of American businessmen who owned lucrative plantations on Hawaii conspired to stage a coup. Calling themselves the \u201cCommittee of Safety,\u201d the group created a militia which gathered outside the royal residence of Iolani Palace on January 17, 1893. They were supported by a contingent of United States marines sent by John L. Stevens, the United States\u2019 minister to Hawai\u2019i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To avoid an outbreak of violence,&nbsp;Lili\u2018uokalani&nbsp;abdicated the throne. She explained her decision in a statement to President Benjamin Harrison: \u201cThis action on my part was prompted by three reasons: The futility of a conflict&nbsp;with the United States; the desire to&nbsp;avoid&nbsp;violence, bloodshed, and the destruction of life and property; and the certainty which I feel that you and your government will right whatever wrongs may have been inflicted on us in the premises.\u201d (Hawaii\u2019s Story, 395)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sanford Dole, an American lawyer who had served the Hawaiian kingdom as a Supreme Court&nbsp;justice,&nbsp;became&nbsp;leader of a \u201cProvisional Government,\u201d with the goal of&nbsp;convincing the United States to annex Hawaii&nbsp;and consolidating control of the islands in the hands of the island\u2019s&nbsp;American plantation owners.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resistance Through Song<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ku&#039;u Pua i Paoakalani\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vuxKJ5ViSBE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>In 1895,\u00a0an\u00a0uprising\u00a0took place\u00a0to\u00a0regain Hawaiian independence\u00a0and reinstate the Queen. As a result,\u00a0Lili\u2018uokalani\u00a0was\u00a0tried for treason and imprisoned\u00a0in the former royal residence, Iolani Palace.\u00a0During the Queen\u2019s imprisonment, she was cut off from the outside world, and forbidden access to\u00a0any political news.\u00a0Ku\u02bbu Pua I Paoakalani, one of the songs she composed during this time,\u00a0offers a coded\u00a0reference\u00a0to\u00a0her efforts to stay informed.\u00a0The song is dedicated to\u00a0John Wilson, the son of her companion Evelyn Townsend Wilson,\u00a0who\u00a0regularly sent the Queen flowers from her\u00a0royal\u00a0garden,\u00a0Uluhaimalama. The flowers arrived wrapped in\u00a0newspaper \u2013 pages which the Queen was able to read, and keep abreast of political developments.\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Queen&#8217;s Prayer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ke Aloha O Ka Haku: Lili\u2019uokalani\u2019s Prayer\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/XGICgsh5qfw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Ke&nbsp;Aloha o ka Haku, or&nbsp;The Queen\u2019s Prayer,&nbsp;is another composition from the Queen\u2019s imprisonment at Iolani.&nbsp;Like many of her&nbsp;works, this song is in a style known as&nbsp;h\u012bmeni, a&nbsp;genre that combines Protestant hymnody structure with the melodic contours of Hawaiian&nbsp;mele.&nbsp;The Queen\u2019s Prayer&nbsp;is a direct response to her&nbsp;experience as a political prisoner, but its poetic text is broad enough&nbsp;to offer timeless spiritual resonance. The Queen dedicated this song to&nbsp;her royal heir apparent, Victoria Kaiulani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To display the versatility of Lili&#8217;uokalani&#8217;s music, here are three interpretations of&nbsp;The Queen&#8217;s Prayer. This unaccompanied performance is sung by Hawaiian soloist Nalani Olds.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns mb-8 is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ke Aloha O Ka Haku (Queen&#039;s Prayer)\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/17Jy8TpQiFI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>In this recording,\u00a0the <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.ksbe.edu\/kscc\/kscc-bio\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kamehameha Schools Children\u2019s Chorus<\/a> sings\u00a0<em>The Queen&#8217;s Prayer.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ke Aloha o ka Haku\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/DH0sf3g1ldI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>This third interpretation is sung by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.roseensemble.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Rose Ensemble<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Annexation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"321\" height=\"599\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Liliuokalani4.jpg\" alt=\"Lili'uokalani in Boston, 1897\" class=\"wp-image-78560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Liliuokalani4.jpg 321w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Liliuokalani4-161x300.jpg 161w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 321px) 100vw, 321px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Lili&#8217;uokalani in Boston, 1897<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<p>When&nbsp;Lili\u02bbuokalani&nbsp;was released from house arrest, she dedicated herself to advocating for Hawaiian independence. In&nbsp;early&nbsp;1897, the Queen and her adopted daughter traveled to Washington, D.C. to meet with President Grover Cleveland&nbsp;and ask for his aid in reinstating the Hawaiian monarchy. Cleveland, an anti-imperialist,&nbsp;was an ally of the Queen, and had opposed the overthrow of&nbsp;the Hawaiian monarchy. However, his administration ended&nbsp;that same year, and the new President, William McKinley, favored the annexation of Hawaii.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the fall of 1897, the Queen was joined in Washington by delegates from Hawaii carrying a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/education\/lessons\/hawaii-petition#:~:text=On%20July%2012%2C%201898%2C%20the,on%20Hawaii%2C%20landed%20in%201778.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Petition Against Annexation<\/a>, signed by 21,269&nbsp;Hawaiians. They continued to lobby against the annexation of Hawaii, finally losing the&nbsp;in&nbsp;1898, when the&nbsp;outbreak of the Spanish-American War convinced members of Congress that Hawaii was a valuable strategic location. McKinley signed the annexation into law on July 7, 1898.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lili\u02bbuokalani&nbsp;lived the rest of her life as a private citizen in Hawaii, but&nbsp;remained&nbsp;a strong symbol of leadership and&nbsp;Hawaiian&nbsp;identity. Her continued resistance to the American annexation included years of tireless, but ultimately unsuccessful, efforts to regain royal land holdings that had been seized by the United States.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aloha &#8216;Oe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Aloha &#039;Oe\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_-lv7IjDsQU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Queen Lili\u02bbuokalani\u2019s most famous composition remains Aloha \u2018Oe, a tender song of two lovers parting. According to legend, the Queen was inspired to write this song when she saw a Hawaiian royal officer receiving a lei as a parting gift from a Hawaiian girl. This lovely mele eventually gained another layer of significance, as a song of mourning for the loss of Hawaiian independence. When the Queen died in 1917, a children\u2019s choir sang Aloha \u2018Oe at her entombment, at the close of a funeral procession that was attended by around 1500 people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to a contemporary report, elderly Hawaiians present at the funeral \u2013 those who remembered Hawaiian independence \u2013 were particularly sorrowful. \u201cTears flowed fast down their cheeks as they sensed the actuality of the departure of every vestige of former royalty and the existence of the monarchy from Iolani Palace. The spirit of Liliuokalani had winged its way to eternity.\u201d (The Christian Advocate, December 27, 1917)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At her death, Queen Lili\u02bbuokalani bequeathed what land holdings she still had in a trust to benefit the orphaned and destitute children of Hawaii. The Lili\u2018uokalani Trust endowed the Queen Lili\u02bbuokalani Children&#8217;s Center, which continues to provide care for Hawaiian families to the present day.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Learn More<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"367\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Liliuokalani5.jpg\" alt=\"Liliuokalani\" class=\"wp-image-78562\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Liliuokalani5.jpg 367w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Liliuokalani5-229x300.jpg 229w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Lili &#8216;uokalani in 1908<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\">\n<p>The following sources were invaluable in writing this article. Check them out to learn more about&nbsp;Lili\u02bbuokalani, Queen of&nbsp;Hawai\u2018i.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/libweb.hawaii.edu\/digicoll\/annexation\/annexation.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cThe Annexation of Hawaii: A Collection of Documents.\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;Univeristy&nbsp;of&nbsp;Hawai\u2018i at Manoa Library.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/onipaa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Lili\u2018uokalani Trust<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hawaiihistory.org\/index.cfm?fuseaction=ig.page&amp;CategoryID=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">HawaiiHistory.org<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daley, Jason.&nbsp;\u201cFive Things&nbsp;To&nbsp;Know About&nbsp;Lili\u02bbuokalani, the Last Queen of&nbsp;Hawai\u02bbi.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Smithsonian Magazine.&nbsp;<\/em>November 10, 2017.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/five-things-know-about-liliuokalani-last-queen-hawaii-180967155\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/five-things-know-about-liliuokalani-last-queen-hawaii-180967155\/<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fry, William Henry. \u201cA Royal Funeral under the Stars and Stripes.\u201d&nbsp;<em>The Christian Advocate.&nbsp;<\/em>December 27, 1917. In&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/The_Christian_Advocate\/yro6AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Christian Advocate<\/em>, Vol. 92<\/a>. United States: T. Carlton &amp; J. Porter, 1917.&nbsp;1392-1393.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hawe, Jeff. \u201cAhead of Her Time.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Hawaii Business Magazine.&nbsp;<\/em>August 7,&nbsp;2018.&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hawaiibusiness.com\/ahead-of-her-time\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.hawaiibusiness.com\/ahead-of-her-time\/<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lili\u2018uokalani.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/Hawaii_s_Story\/QrTCvcy0sE4C?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Hawaii\u2019s Story.<\/em><\/a> Boston:&nbsp;Lothop, Lee and Shepard Co., 1898.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto, Neil Thomas.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/The_Rights_of_My_People\/LSPbRywQ3WQC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Rights of My People: Liliuokalani&#8217;s Enduring Battle with the United States, 1893-1917<\/em><\/a>. United States:&nbsp;Algora&nbsp;Publishing, 2009.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recker, Jane. \u201cHow the Music of&nbsp;Hawai\u02bbi\u2019s&nbsp;Last Ruler Guided the Island\u2019s People Through Crisis.\u201d&nbsp;<em>Smithsonian Magazine.&nbsp;<\/em>March 26, 2021.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smithsonian-institution\/how-music-hawaiis-last-ruler-guided-islands-people-through-crisis-180971783\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smithsonian-institution\/how-music-hawaiis-last-ruler-guided-islands-people-through-crisis-180971783\/<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sadie, Julie Ann, and Rhian Samuel, eds.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/The_Norton_Grove_Dictionary_of_Women_Com\/IvoQQU1QL_QC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Norton\/Grove Dictionary of Women Composers<\/em><\/a>. New&nbsp;York: W.W. Norton, 1995.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schamel, Wynell, and Charles E. Schamel.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/education\/lessons\/hawaii-petition#:~:text=On%20July%2012%2C%201898%2C%20the,on%20Hawaii%2C%20landed%20in%201778.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">&#8220;The 1897 Petition Against the Annexation of Hawaii.&#8221;<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Social Education<\/em>&nbsp;63&nbsp;no.7.&nbsp;November\/December 1999.&nbsp;402-408.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Silva,&nbsp;Noenoe&nbsp;K.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/_\/G3IFQ2YAsXgC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Aloha Betrayed: Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism<\/em><\/a><em>.&nbsp;<\/em>Durham, CT: Duke University Press, 2004.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Smith, Barbara Barnard, and Dorothy K. Gillett.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/uhpress.hawaii.edu\/title\/the-queens-songbook\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Queen&#8217;s Songbook<\/em><\/a>. United States: Hui&nbsp;H\u0101nai, 1999.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>All images courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lili\u2018uokalani&nbsp;(1838-1917)&nbsp;was&nbsp;the Queen&nbsp;Regnant&nbsp;of&nbsp;Hawai\u2018i from 1891-1893, and was the nation\u2019s last monarch.&nbsp;During her reign, she&nbsp;resisted the&nbsp;annexation of&nbsp;Hawai\u2018i&nbsp;by the United States, and after the coup that deposed her, she remained dedicated to the interests of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Hawaiian&nbsp;people.&nbsp;&nbsp; A trained singer, choir director and organist,&nbsp;Lili\u2018uokalani&nbsp;composed&nbsp;more&nbsp;than 150&nbsp;mele,&nbsp;Hawaiian songs and chants.&nbsp;Her&nbsp;legacy of&nbsp;music&nbsp;remains greatly loved: she is one of the most-performed composers among Hawaiian &#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":78566,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4909],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education"],"acf":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-05-21 04:17:00","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/127"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=78555"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78555\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":109236,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/78555\/revisions\/109236"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/78566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=78555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=78555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=78555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}