{"id":84385,"date":"2022-06-03T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-06-03T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/?p=84385"},"modified":"2026-01-23T12:58:21","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T20:58:21","slug":"musical-friendships","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/musical-friendships\/","title":{"rendered":"Musical Friendships"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In <em>A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers<\/em>, Henry David Thoreau described friendship:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThey cherish each other\u2019s hopes. They are kind to each other\u2019s dreams.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So much beautiful music has come to the world through the mutual encouragement of friends. In this post, we will explore some historic friendships in classical music, when great artists were kind to each other\u2019s dreams.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:80px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Johann Christian Bach and Carl Friedrich Abe<\/strong>l<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JC_Bach-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84460\" width=\"232\" height=\"283\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JC_Bach-1.jpg 737w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JC_Bach-1-246x300.jpg 246w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JC_Bach-1-287x350.jpg 287w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/JC_Bach-1-624x761.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 232px) 100vw, 232px\" \/><figcaption>Johann Christian Bach, portrait (1776) by Thomas Gainsborough. Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/KF_Abel-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84463\" width=\"247\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/KF_Abel-2.jpg 400w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/KF_Abel-2-261x300.jpg 261w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/KF_Abel-2-304x350.jpg 304w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 247px) 100vw, 247px\" \/><figcaption>Carl Friedrich Abel, portrait (c. 1777) by Thomas Gainsborough. Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bach-leipzig.de\/en\/bach-archive\/johann-christian-bach\" target=\"_blank\">Johann Christian Bach<\/a> (1735-1782) was the youngest son of <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bach-leipzig.de\/en\/neutral\/johann-sebastian-bach-%E2%94%80-chronology\" target=\"_blank\">Johann Sebastian Bach<\/a> and his second wife <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/news.cornell.edu\/stories\/2019\/10\/book-reveals-life-and-times-anna-magdalena-bach\" target=\"_blank\">Anna Magdalena W\u00fclken<\/a>. J.C. Bach had a <em>lot <\/em>of older brothers and sisters, but as a young person he also found time to make friends with <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Carl-Friedrich-Abel\" target=\"_blank\">Carl Friedrich Abel<\/a> (1723-1787). Carl\u2019s father, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Abel_family.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Christian Ferdinand Abel<\/a>, worked with J.S. Bach at the court of Anhalt-C\u00f6then. The fathers were such good friends that J.S. Bach was godfather to C.F. Abel\u2019s daughter.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When J.C. Bach moved to London to write opera in 1762, he found his friend Carl Friedrich Abel already established there as a bass viol player. In 1764 the two became roommates, and soon they teamed up professionally as well: in 1765 they began a concert series that became known as the <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/b05qyjsj\" target=\"_blank\">Bach-Abel Concerts<\/a>. Public, ticketed concerts were still a new idea at the time: in the 18th century, most professional music happened at aristocratic courts, opera houses, or places of worship. Bach and Abel shared the duties of directing and performing their series of ten to fifteen concerts each year. The Bach-Abel Concerts were so successful that they continued until 1781.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"JC Bach: Keyboard Concerto in E-flat, Op.7 No.5 (Knauer)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/DXGNfxyq9QA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>J.C. Bach\u2019s Keyboard Concerto in E-flat Major, Op. 7, No. 5. Bach performed compositions like this at the Bach-Abel Concerts.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Felix Mendelssohn and Hector Berlioz <\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hector_Berlioz-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84464\" width=\"243\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hector_Berlioz-1.jpg 430w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hector_Berlioz-1-235x300.jpg 235w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Hector_Berlioz-1-275x350.jpg 275w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 243px) 100vw, 243px\" \/><figcaption>Hector Berlioz, portrait (1832) by \u00c9mile Signol. Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Felix_Mendelssohn-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84465\" width=\"237\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Felix_Mendelssohn-1.jpg 693w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Felix_Mendelssohn-1-231x300.jpg 231w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Felix_Mendelssohn-1-270x350.jpg 270w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Felix_Mendelssohn-1-624x810.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 237px) 100vw, 237px\" \/><figcaption>Felix Mendelssohn, portrait (1830) by Eckart Kle\u00dfmann. Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>If you were searching 1830s Europe for likely musical friends, you might not expect to find the reserved classicist <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/ihas.200156439\/\" target=\"_blank\">Felix Mendelssohn<\/a> (1809-1847) spending time with a flamboyant, experimental Romantic like <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Hector-Berlioz\" target=\"_blank\">Hector Berlioz<\/a> (1803-1869). However, the two hit it off when they met in Rome in 1831. Soon afterward, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.hberlioz.com\/Germany\/leipzig.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Berlioz wrote<\/a> to friends in Paris,&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cI have met Mendelssohn. He is a fine fellow, and his execution is on a par with musical genius, which is saying a great deal. All that I have heard of his music has charmed me; I firmly believe that he is one of the greatest musical intellects of the day.\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Berlioz goes on to write of their odd-couple Italian tourism. Mendelssohn showed Berlioz ancient Roman ruins: Berlioz, the modernist, was unimpressed. Berlioz poked fun at religion, and pious Mendelssohn was shocked. Despite their differences, they clearly enjoyed their time together: Berlioz summed it up, \u201c<em>I owe him the only endurable moments I enjoyed during my stay in Rome.\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Berlioz and Mendelssohn saw each other again at a concert in Leipzig in 1843. Berlioz wrote that Mendelssohn was <em>\u201ccharming, attentive, excellent\u2013in a word, a good fellow all round. We exchanged batons in token of friendship.\u201d <\/em>Felix\u2019s sister, composer <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/loc.gov\/item\/ihas.200156440\" target=\"_blank\">Fanny Hensel<\/a>, described this baton exchange in her diary, hilariously demonstrating that the two friends remained as opposite as ever:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cIn return for Felix\u2019s pretty light stick of whalebone covered with white leather [Berlioz] sent an enormous cudgel of lime-tree with the bark on.\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Mendelssohn: 4. Sinfonie (\u00bbItalienische\u00ab) \u2219 hr-Sinfonieorchester \u2219 Paavo J\u00e4rvi\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_HX_jF1_Tgc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>Felix Mendelssohn\u2019s \u201cItalian\u201d Symphony, composed after his 1831 visit to Italy.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clara Schumann and Josephine Lang<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"214\" height=\"259\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Josephine_Caroline_Lang.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84397\"\/><figcaption>Portrait of Josephine Lang, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clara_Schumann_1853-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84399\" width=\"228\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clara_Schumann_1853-1.jpg 490w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clara_Schumann_1853-1-264x300.jpg 264w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Clara_Schumann_1853-1-308x350.jpg 308w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 228px) 100vw, 228px\" \/><figcaption>Clara Schumann in 1853, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Josephine_Lang\" target=\"_blank\">Josephine Lang <\/a>(1815-1880) was a German pianist, singer, and composer. She had the admiration and friendship of many contemporary musicians. Felix Mendelssohn and Fanny Hensel both admired her work, and Mendelssohn gave her theory lessons. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2011\/07\/18\/127038609\/the-life-and-music-of-robert-schumann\" target=\"_blank\">Robert Schumann<\/a> also praised Lang&#8217;s work in his music journal, the <em>Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lang taught and composed throughout her life, but her need for work became dire in 1856, when her husband passed away. She was left with only her music career to support her children, while suffering from chronic illness herself. One friend who lent a hand was another single parent, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Clara-Schumann\" target=\"_blank\">Clara Schumann<\/a> (1819-1896). Schumann\u2019s husband Robert had died in the same year, leaving her with a large family of children to support. While Clara Schumann was renewing her career as a piano soloist, she found time to arrange a benefit concert for Josephine Lang, in which she performed Lang\u2019s compositions, and helped invigorate Lang\u2019s career as a teacher and published composer.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Josephine Lang &quot;Arabesco&quot;\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ha_CWyYyVto?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>\u201cArabesque\u201d for piano, by Josephine Lang<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Johannes Brahms and Johann Strauss II<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Strauss_und_Brahms.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84401\" width=\"420\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Strauss_und_Brahms.jpg 385w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Strauss_und_Brahms-257x300.jpg 257w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Strauss_und_Brahms-299x350.jpg 299w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><figcaption>Johann Strauss II and Johannes Brahms at Bad Ischl in 1894, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Music connected <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aso.org\/composer\/detail\/johannes-brahms\" target=\"_blank\">Johannes Brahms<\/a> (1833-1897) to quite a few artistic friends over the course of his life, including some composers of lighter music than his own. Here he is in 1894, photographed at the spa town of Bad Ischl in Austria with <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.johann-strauss.org.uk\/composers-a-m.php?id=123\" target=\"_blank\">Johann Strauss II<\/a> (1825-1899). Strauss had a villa in Bad Ischl, where he often invited Brahms to parties. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On one of these occasions, Strauss\u2019s stepdaughter asked Brahms to autograph her fan, and on it he wrote the opening bars of Strauss\u2019s <em>Blue Danube <\/em>Waltz, with the inscription, \u201cunfortunately <em>not <\/em>by Johannes Brahms!\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brahms has a reputation as a very serious composer, but clearly he wasn\u2019t too dour to admire the infectiously charming music of the Waltz King.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=lQ0fKOpow14\n<\/div><figcaption>The Blue Danube Waltz by Johann Strauss II<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Henry Thacker Burleigh and Friends<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"609\" height=\"899\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/HT_Burleigh.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/HT_Burleigh.jpg 609w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/HT_Burleigh-203x300.jpg 203w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/HT_Burleigh-237x350.jpg 237w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 609px) 100vw, 609px\" \/><figcaption>H.T. Burleigh in the 1910s, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"899\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Antonin_Dvorak.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84413\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Antonin_Dvorak.jpg 602w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Antonin_Dvorak-201x300.jpg 201w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Antonin_Dvorak-234x350.jpg 234w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><figcaption>Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k in 1901, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"596\" height=\"899\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Samuel_Coleridge-Taylor.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Samuel_Coleridge-Taylor.jpg 596w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Samuel_Coleridge-Taylor-199x300.jpg 199w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Samuel_Coleridge-Taylor-232x350.jpg 232w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 596px) 100vw, 596px\" \/><figcaption>Samuel Coleridge-Taylor in 1905, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1892, Bohemian composer <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dvoraknyc.org\/bio\" target=\"_blank\">Anton\u00edn Dvo\u0159\u00e1k<\/a> (1841-1904) came to the United States to teach at the new National Conservatory of Music in New York. Arts patron Jeannette Thurber had founded the conservatory, and hired Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, because she wanted to encourage the growth of an American musical style. She felt that Dvo\u0159\u00e1k had done so well establishing Czech national music that he could also help American composers find their voice.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dvo\u0159\u00e1k quickly concluded that African American music was some of the finest material America had to offer. To learn about spirituals, Dvo\u0159\u00e1k turned to <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/ihas.200035730\" target=\"_blank\">Henry Thacker Burleigh<\/a> (1866-1949), a student at the National Conservatory. Burleigh had learned a vast repertoire of spirituals from his maternal grandmother, who had formerly been enslaved. He recalled the melodies for Dvo\u0159\u00e1k in his beautiful baritone voice, and Dvo\u0159\u00e1k was inspired to create a theme reminiscent of spirituals in his Symphony No. 9, <em>From the New World. <\/em>Dvo\u0159\u00e1k encouraged Burleigh to create his own compositions based on spirituals, and Burleigh went on to write a classic library of spiritual arrangements for voice and piano, as well as original songs and chamber works.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burleigh continued to build musical bridges throughout his distinguished career. For more than fifty years, he was a soloist at St. George\u2019s Episcopal Church in New York, where he overcame initial objections because of his color, becoming a beloved and influential musical leader. He also supported the work of English composer <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.loc.gov\/item\/ihas.200038837\/\" target=\"_blank\">Samuel Coleridge-Taylor<\/a> (1875-1912), accompanying him as a baritone soloist during Coleridge-Taylor\u2019s 1910 tour of the United States.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Deep River\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dOQMJM6Cj_Q?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>\u201cDeep River,\u201d arranged for solo voice and piano by H.T. Burleigh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>T\u014dru Takemitsu and Igor Stravinsky<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/657px-Toru_Takemitsu_Shinchosha_1961-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84420\" width=\"230\" height=\"314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/657px-Toru_Takemitsu_Shinchosha_1961-7.jpg 657w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/657px-Toru_Takemitsu_Shinchosha_1961-7-219x300.jpg 219w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/657px-Toru_Takemitsu_Shinchosha_1961-7-256x350.jpg 256w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/657px-Toru_Takemitsu_Shinchosha_1961-7-624x854.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 230px) 100vw, 230px\" \/><figcaption><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/music\/tomserviceblog\/2013\/feb\/11\/contemporary-music-guide-toru-takemitsu\" target=\"_blank\">T\u014dru Takemitsu<\/a> in 1961, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Igor_Stravinsky-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84422\" width=\"253\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Igor_Stravinsky-1.jpg 593w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Igor_Stravinsky-1-241x300.jpg 241w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Igor_Stravinsky-1-281x350.jpg 281w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 253px) 100vw, 253px\" \/><figcaption>Igor Stravinsky in 1961, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Composer <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/music\/tomserviceblog\/2013\/feb\/11\/contemporary-music-guide-toru-takemitsu\" target=\"_blank\">T\u014dru Takemitsu<\/a> (1930-1996) was an influential 20th-century modernist, whose music drew on both the Western avant-garde and traditional Japanese music and instruments. One of the works that brought Takemitsu international success was his <em>Requiem for Strings, <\/em>a piece he composed in 1957 in memory of <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm0370593\/\" target=\"_blank\">Fumio Hayasaka<\/a>, composer for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0042876\/\">Akira Kurosawa\u2019s film <em>Rash\u014dmon<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/fondation-igor-stravinsky.org\/en\/composer\/biography\/\" target=\"_blank\">Igor Stravinsky<\/a> (1882-1971) heard Takemitsu\u2019s <em>Requiem for Strings<\/em> during a 1959 visit to Tokyo, and he was deeply impressed. In a 1989 interview printed in <em>Perspectives in New Music<\/em>, Takemitsu recalled the occasion, as well as Stravinsky\u2019s subsequent support of his career.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takemitsu explained that Stravinsky heard the <em>Requiem for Strings <\/em>\u201c<em>by accident because, when he was in Tokyo\u2026he asked to listen to new Japanese music. The radio stations arranged it. My music was not supposed to be played, but by chance someone played some and Stravinsky said, \u2018Please, keep going.\u2019 He listened to my music along with many other pieces. After that he had a press conference and he mentioned only my name. Then he invited me to lunch &#8230; After that he returned to the United States and perhaps he spoke about my music to Aaron Copland or something, so I got a commission from the Koussevitsky Foundation. Then I wrote a piece called <\/em>Dorian Horizon<em>, which was first performed by Aaron Copland conducting the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra.\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Toru Takemitsu [1930-1996] - Requiem for String Orchestra [1957]\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/JZqazBElZHg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption><em>Requiem for Strings <\/em>by T\u014dru Takemitsu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Margaret Bonds and Langston Hughes<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Margaret_Bonds.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84429\" width=\"243\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Margaret_Bonds.jpg 624w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Margaret_Bonds-208x300.jpg 208w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Margaret_Bonds-243x350.jpg 243w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 243px) 100vw, 243px\" \/><figcaption>Photograph of Margaret Bonds, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Langston_Hughes_1936.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-84430\" width=\"241\" height=\"348\" srcset=\"https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Langston_Hughes_1936.jpg 622w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Langston_Hughes_1936-208x300.jpg 208w, https:\/\/acp-website.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/2022\/06\/Langston_Hughes_1936-242x350.jpg 242w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 241px) 100vw, 241px\" \/><figcaption>Photograph of Langston Hughes, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>American composer <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/songofamerica.net\/composer\/bonds-margaret\/\" target=\"_blank\">Margaret Bonds<\/a> (1913-1972) discovered the poetry of <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.poetryfoundation.org\/poets\/langston-hughes\" target=\"_blank\">Langston Hughes<\/a> (1902-1967) in 1929, while she was a student at Northwestern University. She described the experience in a 1971 interview, quoted in Helen Walker-Hill&#8217;s excellent book on Black women composers, <em>From Spirituals to Symphonies<\/em>:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cI was in this prejudiced university, this terribly prejudiced place\u2026. I was looking in the basement of the Evanston Public Library where they had the poetry. I came in contact with this wonderful poem, \u2018The Negro Speaks of Rivers,\u2019 and I\u2019m sure it helped my feelings of security. Because in that poem he tells how great the black man is. And if I had any misgivings, which I would have to have \u2013 here you are in a setup where the restaurants won\u2019t serve you and you\u2019re going to college, you\u2019re sacrificing, trying to get through school \u2013 and I know that poem helped save me.\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bonds met Langston Hughes in Chicago in 1936, and they became close friends. She recalled, \u201c<em>We were like brother and sister, like blood relatives.\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bonds and Hughes would forge <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.library.georgetown.edu\/exhibition\/margaret-bonds-and-langston-hughes-musical-friendship\" target=\"_blank\">a deep artistic connection<\/a>. Hughes encouraged Bonds\u2019s composing and performing, and sent her poems to set to music. More than half of Bonds\u2019s compositions feature texts by Hughes, including musicals like <em>Tropics after Dark<\/em> and religious works like <em>The Ballad of the Brown King. <\/em>Bonds also set many of Hughes&#8217;s poems as art songs, including \u201cThe Negro Speaks of Rivers.&#8221; Bonds felt that this song was her best work: in 1967 she said, <em>\u201cI\u2019ve done more complicated things but I don\u2019t think I\u2019ve ever surpassed it.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The Negro Speaks of Rivers\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/klS6XJVQkU0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>&#8220;The Negro Speaks of Rivers,&#8221; by Margaret Bonds, text by Langston Hughes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>For Further Reading<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bernard, Daniel et al. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/Life_and_Letters_of_Berlioz\/25QHAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Life and Letters of Berlioz<\/em><\/a><em>. <\/em>United Kingdom: Remington and Company, 1882<em>.<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bowers, Jane M., and Judith Tick, eds. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/Women_Making_Music\/ADF69R1HriIC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=women+making+music&amp;printsec=frontcover\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Women Making Music: The Western Art Tradition, 1150-1950<\/em><\/a><em>. <\/em>Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kilgore, Alethea N. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/diginole.lib.fsu.edu\/islandora\/object\/fsu:185122\/datastream\/PDF\/view\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Life and Solo Vocal Works of Margaret Allison Bonds (1913-1972)<\/a>.\u201d DMA diss. Florida State University, 2013.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Klingemann, Karl, ed. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/The_Mendelssohn_Family_1729_1847_from_Le\/2oI9_POBHPoC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>The Mendelssohn Family (1729-1847) from Letters and Journals<\/em><\/a>. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle &amp; Rivington, 1882.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krebs, Harald, and Sharon Krebs. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/Josephine_Lang\/EqEdy2vSfWAC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Josephine Lang: Her Life and Songs<\/em><\/a>. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2006.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Takemitsu, T\u014dru, Tania Cronin, and Hilary Tann. \u201cAfterword.\u201d <em>Perspectives of New Music<\/em> 27, no. 2 (1989): 206-214. Accessed August 28, 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/i234538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/i234538<\/a><em>.<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Snyder, Jean E. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/Harry_T_Burleigh\/yNqJCwAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Harry T. Burleigh: From the Spiritual to the Harlem Renaissance<\/em><\/a>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2016.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Walker-Hill, Helen. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/books\/edition\/From_Spirituals_to_Symphonies\/pQt2ELdxAFMC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>From Spirituals to Symphonies: African-American Women Composers and Their Music<\/em><\/a><em>. <\/em>Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2007.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Check out our Spotify playlist accompanying this article: <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/playlist\/16tUvu6WJGQJngGJEyChtn?si=e9d20b8b6b684b80\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Musical Friendships.<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, Henry David Thoreau described friendship: \u201cThey cherish each other\u2019s hopes. They are kind to each other\u2019s dreams.\u201d&nbsp; So much beautiful music has come to the world through the mutual encouragement of friends. In this post, we will explore some historic friendships in classical music, when great &#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":127,"featured_media":84476,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4909],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-84385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education"],"acf":[],"publishpress_future_action":{"enabled":false,"date":"2026-05-21 04:17:51","action":"change-status","newStatus":"draft","terms":[],"taxonomy":"category","extraData":[]},"publishpress_future_workflow_manual_trigger":{"enabledWorkflows":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84385","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/127"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=84385"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84385\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":110242,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/84385\/revisions\/110242"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/84476"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=84385"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=84385"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.allclassical.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=84385"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}